Category: Biology

Answer all the following questions carefully based on the article provided. Please be specific and to the point, answering only what the question asks for.
1. What did this paper find out?
2. Why is what this paper found out important?
3. What is the specific research question?
4. Who are some of the stake holders in this research?
5. Give two examples of papers cited by this research and why?
6. What is the paper’s experimental design?
7. What are the Data collected?
8. What are the interpretations of the Data?
9. List three most important findings of this paper.
10. Were there any negative/missing/neutral results?
11. How do the authors interpret the findings? Which are emphasized?
12. What further research do the authors suggest?
13. Which figure was the best or most informative, and why?
14. Which figure was the worst/least informative, and why?
ALL THE ANSWERS MUST BE PUT RIGHT BELOW THE INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONS

Your prompt is:
Organic chemistry was spawned because Carbon is contained in so many molecules in living organisms. We discussed 4 types of macromolecules today. Explain how the properties of carbon lead to the creation of the 4 distinct types of macromolecules we discussed today, discussing the traits of these macromolecules and the roles each might play in an organism. Be sure to include in your discussion the properties of carbon, monomers, polymers, isomers, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Further, describe, in detail, how a polypeptide becomes a protein. Include in your discussion the hierarchy of protein structure, alpha helixes and beta sheets, Hydrogen Bonds, Ionic or Polar Interactions, Hydrophobic Interactions, van der Waals forces, and Disulfide Bridges.
(Also try to use your own words to)
At least one in text citations is provided per paragraph in APA format (Author Last Name, Year) immediately after the first reference is made.
1. Describe the properties of carbon, including functional groups, isomers, and bonding arrangements (Provide some examples in the paragraph)
2. Describe the structure and function of carbohydrates, including monomer, and the impact of branching structure on function (Provide some examples in the paragraph)
3. Describe the structure and function of lipids, including a discussion of the monomers and structure of saturated and unsaturated fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes (Provide some examples in the paragraph)
4. Describe the structure and function of nucleic acids including their monomers as well differences between DNA and RNA (Provide examples for each topic in this paragraph)
5. Describe the chemical structure of amino acids (Provide examples for each topic in this paragraph)
6. Describe the hierarchy of structure of proteins, including the primary, secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary structure (Provide examples for each topic in this paragraph)

Your prompt is:
The start of life is on Earth is a complex subject, full of disagreements and controversy. The most commonly accepted theory is that certain molecules became linked together in ancient oceans, creating the building blocks of life. Explain how molecules and atoms may become linked to each other. Your answer should include ionic bonding, cations, anions, covalent bonding, protons, electrons, hydrogen bonding, and electronegativity. Further, water can become acidic or basic depending on the solutes place in it. Most organisms are primarily composed of water. How, exactly, would altering the pH in a solution affect a living organism and how do organisms prevent large pH fluctuations? Your answer should include hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions, pH, weak acids, strong acids, and buffers.
(Please also use your own words too)
At least one in text citations is provided per paragraph in APA format (Author Last Name, Year) immediately after the first reference is made.
1. In a paragraph describe the mass and charge of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Provide an example.
2. Describe the contents of the nucleus, including its charge. Also, describe the electron cloud including how to determine orbital levels and what they are in a paragraph. The charge of the electron cloud should be noted. Use an example to illustrate the point.
3. A paragraph to define covalent bonding, electronegativity, and the octet rule. Describe how differences in electronegativity between two atoms in a molecule can result in polar covalent bonding. Polar covalent bonding should also be defined. Then an example to illustrate one or more of these concepts.
4. Define an ion, a cation, and an anion. Then describe the relationship between cations and anions. Also, define ionic bonding. Then provide an example of ionic bonding.
5. Describe the chemical structure of water, including how it is polar covalent and how it can form Hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Define Hydron bonding. At least 4 properties of water should be described. Examples should be given of the 4 properties of water described.
6. Acids and bases should be defined in relationship to Hydrogen ions. The pH scale should be discussed and please describe how to convert the Hydrogen ion concentration in moles to pH. Weak acids/bases should be defined as are strong acids/bases. Examples of strong and weak acids and bases should be provided.
7. Buffers need to be defined in their relationship to Hydrogen and Hydroxide ions. The function of buffers in the cell needs to be described, indicating why they are important. An example of a buffered reaction too.

The worskeet is attached Below is additional info. Thank you.
This unit is about ecology, the study of the interaction between living species. As we discussed in the unit lesson, all species are dependent on one another—even trees need birds to eat the insects that want to devour the trees. Some trees, like oaks, need squirrels to plant their acorns. Consequently, when you study a species in the Red List for this assignment, be aware that somewhere along the line, this species is important.
Materials Needed:
Unit V Assignment Worksheet
A computer with Internet access
Directions:
Click on https://www.iucnredlist.org (or copy and paste the URL into your browser) to go to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species website.
Take a moment to peruse the website. Scroll down and look at a few of the animals and the news articles.
Next, you will search for and select a species that falls into one of the following categories: Near Threatened (NT), Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR).
Search instructions:
Start by clicking ‘Advanced’ (located next to the search field at the top of the page).
At the Advanced Search page, on the left side of the screen, scroll down and click the ‘Red List Category’ dropdown menu; select CR, EN, VU and NT or LR/nt. You may select only one of these if you choose. Selecting all of them will yield more results. DO NOT select LC, DD, EX, EW or LR/cd. Doing so will result in substantial point deductions.
After selecting the categories, click the ‘Land Regions’ dropdown menu and select ‘North America’. If you would like to select another region, feel free to do so.
With these parameters selected, you should see many organisms to choose from. Scroll through and find one that interests you and answer the questions below.