Classification of research methodologies used in nursing research.
Nursing research methodologies divides into two categories: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is an empirical method that involves collecting and analyzing numerical data. In contrast, qualitative research is a non-numerical research method that focuses on understanding the meaning and context of human experiences and behaviors (Polit & Beck, 2017).
Quantitative research methodologies used in nursing research include experimental design, survey research, and observational studies. Experimental design is a rigorous method that involves randomly assigning participants to a treatment or control group and measuring the effect of the treatment on the outcome of interest (Polit & Beck, 2017). Survey research is a method that involves collecting data through self-reported questionnaires or interviews, which can be administered in person, by telephone, or online (Polit & Beck, 2017). Observational studies involve observing and measuring participants’ behavior without manipulating the variables of interest (Polit & Beck, 2017).
Qualitative research methodologies used in nursing research include phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory. Phenomenology is a research method that focuses on understanding the subjective experiences of individuals, and it often involves conducting in-depth interviews with participants (Polit & Beck, 2017). Ethnography is a research method that involves studying the culture and customs of a particular group of people through observation and participation in their everyday activities (Polit & Beck, 2017). Grounded theory is a research method that involves analyzing data to develop a theoretical understanding of a phenomenon of interest (Polit & Beck, 2017).
Another classification of research methodologies used in nursing research is based on the level of evidence they provide. According to Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2018), research methodologies can be varied in four levels of evidence: level I, II, III, and IV. Level I evidence is the highest and includes randomized controlled trials, while level II evidence includes quasi-experimental studies and non-randomized controlled trials. Level III evidence includes descriptive and correlational studies, and level IV evidence includes expert opinion and case studies.
Research methodologies used in nursing research are classified into quantitative and qualitative research. Each category encompasses various methods, such as experimental design, survey research, observational studies, phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory. Additionally, research methodologies can be classified based on the level of evidence they provide, with level I evidence considered the highest level and level IV evidence considered the lowest level. Overall, understanding and utilizing the appropriate research methodology is crucial in ensuring the credibility and validity of nursing research findings.
References
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2018). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Wolters Kluwer Health.
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